In about ten years, computer technology as we know it will stop advancing. Computer chips will not be able to get any smaller or any faster. That is when computer technology based on molecules will take over. From what I have seen in the last ten years, computers in 100 years will be whatever our imaginations can come up with. That could be good, but that could also be very bad. Given the capacity of the imagination, I am very concerned about what will happen because of technology.
The egotistic condition of being human is something that needs to be taken into account when debating for or against the advancement of technology. One trait people have that helps them survive is their self-centered outlook which extends to the outer limits of the universe. With the birth of Homo sapiens came intelligence and egotism great enough to threaten the equilibrium of the planet. People like to form nature around their lives, not the other way around. The human race is literally in a fight with nature.
One very strong instinct people have is to not die. In 100 years people will be having a debate on whether or not it is ethical to digitize our minds in order to live forever. I hope I am wrong, but I believe that if given enough time, we will be able to create some sort of an eternity. As we become more like computers and computers become more like us there will be a new species of life. We will have created life—computers with feelings and thoughts. In the future it will be easy to forget the implications of the advancements of technology because information will be more desirable than knowledge.
People will be able to have digital children that will never be in physical form and will never wear out or die. The children of the future will have “gods” for parents. The kids’ eternal life will depend on whether or not the parents grant it. This new world (or worlds) will inhabit people that are not conditioned by earth’s way of evolution where parents care for their kids because of a specie’s need to procreate in order to survive. The evolution of computers (or the people inside of them) will be shaped only by gaining comprehension of ways to “delete” others in order to survive forever.
Some serious contemplating needs to be done on this issue. One human flaw that may kill us in the end is the fact that we are too smart for our own good and yet too dumb to realize it. But, if we believe that our only flaw is in not advancing, then denial will be what ultimately kills us. If we are to survive we will need to understand that we do not understand and accept some things as they are.
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Biology is the science of life. It is concerned with the physical characteristics and behaviors of organisms alive today and long ago, how they come into being, and what interactions they have with each other and their environments.
The word biology in its modern sense seems to have been introduced independently by Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur, 1802) and by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (Hydrogéologie, 1802). The word itself is sometimes said to have been coined in 1800 by Karl Friedrich Burdach, but it appears in the title of Volume 3 of Michael Christoph Hanov’s Philosophiae naturalis sive physicae dogmaticae: Geologia, biologia, phytologia generalis et dendrologia, published in 1766. Today the term encompasses a broad spectrum of academic fields that are often viewed as independent disciplines.
Overview of biology
Biologists study life over a wide range of scales:
at the atomic and molecular scale, through molecular biology, biochemistry
at the cellular scale, through cell biology
at the multicellular scales, through physiology
at the level of the development or ontogeny of an individual organism, through developmental biology
at the level of heredity between parent and offspring through genetics
at the level of group behavior through ethology
at the level of an entire population, through population genetics
on the multi-species scale of lineages, through systematics
at the level of interdependent populations and their habitats through ecology and evolutionary biology
and speculatively through Xenobiology at the level of life beyond the Earth.
Fields of study in biology
Aerobiology — Anatomy — Astrobiology — Biochemistry — Bionics — Biogeography — Bioinformatics — Biophysics– Biotechnology — Botany — Cell biology — Cladistics — Cryptozoology — Developmental biology — Disease (Genetic diseases) — Ecology (Theoretical ecology, Autecology, Synecology) — Ethology — Genetics (Population genetics, Quantitative genetics, Genomics, Proteomics) — Ichthyology — Immunology — Pathology — Epidemiology — Limnology — Malacology — Marine biology — Microbiology (Bacteriology) — Molecular Biology — Mycology / Lichenology — Neuroscience (Neuroanatomy, Biological psychology, Psychiatry, Psychopharmacology, Behavioral science, Computational neuroscience, Cognitive science)– Oncology (the study of cancer) — Ontogeny — Paleontology — Phycology (Algology) — Phylogeny, Phylogeography) — Physiology — Structural biology — Taxonomy — Toxicology (the study of poisons and pollution) — Xenobiology — Zoology
Related disciplines
Physical anthropology
People and history
History of biology — Nobel prize in physiology or medicine — Timeline of biology and organic chemistry
Evolution and biology
One of the central, organizing concepts in biology is that all life has descended from a common origin through a process of evolution. Charles Darwin articulated the concept of evolution that remains central to this day, which he did by proposing natural selection as a mechanism. Genetic drift was embraced as an additional mechanism in the so-called modern synthesis. The evolutionary history of a species–which tells the characteristics of the species from which it descended–and its relationship to other species is called its phylogeny. Widely varied approaches to biology generate information about phylogeny. These include the comparisons of DNA sequences conducted within molecular biology or genomics, and comparisons of fossils or other records of ancient organisms in paleontology. Biologists organize and analyze evolutionary relationships through various methods, including phylogenetics, phenetics, and cladistics
Classification of life
The classification of living things is called systematics, or taxonomy, and should reflect the evolutionary trees (phylogenetic trees) of the different organisms. Taxonomy piles up organisms in groups called taxa, while systematics seeks their relationships. The dominant system is called Linnaean taxonomy, which includes ranks and binomial nomenclature. How organisms are named is governed by international agreements such as the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), and the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB). A fourth Draft BioCode was published in 1997 in an attempt to standardize naming in the three areas, but it does not appear to have yet been formally adopted. The International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN) remains outside the BioCode.
Traditionally, living things were divided into five kingdoms:
Monera — Protista — Fungi — Plantae — Animalia
However, this five-kingdom system is now considered by many to be outdated. More modern alternatives generally begin with the three-domain system:
Archaea — Eubacteria — Eukaryota
These domains reflect whether cells have nuclei or not as well as differences in cell exteriors.
There is also a series of intracellular “parasites” that are progressively less alive in terms of being metabolically active:
Viruses — Viroids — Prions
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